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1.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 62(6): 1401-1412, dic. 2022. ilus., tab.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1428322

ABSTRACT

Almost 17% of causes of death due to natural hazards are the product of landslides. Most of them occur in the most deprived places of less developed countries, coexisting a lethal combination of factors that point to this type of tragedies: the natural and the human factor. On the other hand, after a disaster, health care needs and priorities may change; in this sense, the food security of refugees, the supply of drinking water, the disposal of excreta and solid waste, the need for shelters, attention to personal hygiene needs, vector control, attention to injuries after the cleanup activities and the conduct of public health surveillance becomes a priority. To mitigate the disruption, public health authorities must act promptly to avert the adverse effects of the disaster, prevent further damage, and restore public service delivery as soon as possible. In this sense, public health surveillance, epidemiology, can identify local problems and establish priorities for decision-making in the health area. In this article, mention is made of one of the most alarming events that occurred in Sillapata, Peru, where a level 4 landslide affected the infrastructure of the population. Considering an established statistical model, it is possible to predict the zoning of higher risks, and thus establish the most appropriate territorial planning and epidemiological surveillance when similar events reach this population or other populations of the Peruvian State(AU)


Casi el 17 % de causas de muerte por amenazas naturales es producto de los deslizamientos de masa. La mayoría de ellas ocurre en los sitios más deprimidos de los países menos desarrollados coexistiendo una combinación letal de factores que apuntan a este tipo de tragedias: el factor natural y el humano. Por otra parte, después de un desastre, las necesidades y prioridades de cuidado de salud pueden cambiar; en ese sentido, el aseguramiento alimenticio de los refugiados, el suministro de agua de potable, la disposición de excretas y desechos sólidos, la necesidad de albergues, la atención de las necesidades de higiene personal, el control de vectores, la atención de las lesiones después de las actividades de limpieza y la conducción de la vigilancia en salud pública se hace prioritarias. Para mitigar el trastorno, las autoridades de salud pública deben actuar con prontitud para evitar los efectos advesos del desastre, prevenir más daños y restaurar la prestación de servicios públicos lo más pronto posible. En ese sentido, la vigilancia en salud pública, la epidemiología, puede identificar los problemas del lugar y establecer prioridades para la toma de decisiones en el área de la salud. En este artículo, se hace mención a uno de los eventos más alarmante ocurrido en Sillapata, Perú, donde un deslizamiento nivel 4 afectó la infraestructura de la población. Tomando en cuenta, un modelo estadístico establecido es posible predecir la zonificación de mayores riesgos, y de esta manera establecer la planificación territorial y de vigilancia epidemiológica más adecuada cuando eventos similares alcance a esta población o a otras poblaciones del Estado Peruano(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Vulnerability Analysis/methods , Natural Threats , Peru , Prospective Studies
2.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 22(10): 3415-3428, Out. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-890170

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a completitude das fichas de investigação, os principais indicadores da Vigilância do óbito fetal do Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco, e suas contribuições para o Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM). A população de estudo consistiu em todos os óbitos fetais ocorridos no ano de 2014, de residentes. Os dados foram obtidos das fichas de investigação do óbito e do banco do SIM. Foi analisada a completitude das fichas de 68 óbitos fetais e de 13 variáveis da Declaração de Óbitos (DO) antes e após a investigação. Em 2014, a taxa de mortalidade fetal foi de 10,3‰. Dos 102 óbitos, 86,3% (88) foram investigados, 67% (59) foram investigados antes de 120 dias. Apenas nove (10,2% dos óbitos investigados) foram discutidos. A ficha hospitalar foi a mais frequente e a síntese com maior completitude, e com pior preenchimento a ambulatorial. Houve retificações das 13 variáveis estudadas da DO. Os resultados mostraram que a vigilância do óbito fetal no Jaboatão dos Guararapes apresentou deficiências e dificuldades operacionais. Por outro lado, revelou a contribuição do processo investigativo na qualificação do SIM.


Abstract This study aimed to achieve a complete evaluation of the records of investigation, and the principal indicators of fetal death surveillance of Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco State, and their contributions Mortality Information System (Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade - SIM). The population of the study comprised all fetal deaths taking place in the year 2014, of people resident in the town. The data were obtained from death investigation records and the databank of the SIM. The completeness of the report forms of 68 fetal deaths, and 13 variables in the death certificates, before and after the investigation, was analyzed. In 2014 the rate of fetal mortality was 10.3‰. Of the 102 deaths, 86.3% (88) were investigated, and 67% (59) were investigated within a period of 120 days. Only nine (10.2% of the deaths investigated) were the subject of a final discussion to complete investigation. The Hospital Form was the most frequently filled in, and the Summary Form was the form most completely filled in. The Outpatient Form was the least well filled-in. In the death certificates, there were rectifications made in the 13 variables studied. The results showed deficiencies and operational difficulties in Fetal Death Surveillance in Jaboatão dos Guararapes. Conversely, the study revealed the contribution of the investigation process in qualifying of the SIM.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Death Certificates , Population Surveillance , Fetal Death , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Databases, Factual , Health Information Systems
3.
Rev. salud pública ; 16(5): 744-752, set.-oct. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-962014

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Describir los avances de Colombia en la eliminación del tétanos neonatal a partir de la información ofrecida por la vigilancia epidemiológica. Métodos Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de la vigilancia epidemiológica del tétanos neonatal en Colombia para el período 1989-2005. Se consultó la información disponible de la notificación de este evento de interés en salud pública. Resultados En el periodo estudiado se notificaron en total 830 casos de tétanos neonatal. En 1989 la tasa del tétanos neonatal era del 0,22 por 1 000 nacidos vivos. En el 2005 se redujo a 0,01 por 1 000 nacidos vivos, es decir una disminución cercana al 94% de los casos. Conclusiones Teniendo en cuenta la información aportada por la vigilancia epidemiológica, el país ha logrado la meta de mantener una tasa <1 caso por 1 000 nacidos vivos. A pesar de esto es necesario considerar tan solo un caso en cualquier sitio del país como una falla del sistema de atención en salud.(AU)


Objective To describe the country's progress in eliminating neonatal tetanus based on the information obtained from epidemiologic surveillance. Material and Methods A retrospective descriptive study of the epidemiological surveillance of neonatal tetanus in Colombia in the period ranging from 1989 to 2005. Available information was consulted regarding confirmations of this event of interest for Public Health. Results During the study period, a total of 830 cases of neonatal tetanus were reported. In 1989, the rate of neonatal tetanusinColombiawas0.22 per1000live births. In 2005, this value was reduced to 0.01 cases per1000live births; a reduction of nearly 94 %. Conclusions Given the information provided by epidemiological surveillance, Colombia has achieved the goal of maintaininga rate<1 case per 1000live births. Nevertheless, even one case anywhere in the country should be considered a failure of the healthcare system.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Tetanus/epidemiology , Epidemiological Monitoring , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Incidence , Retrospective Studies , Colombia/epidemiology
4.
Rev. salud pública ; 14(1): 1-14, 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-659896

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Describir el comportamiento de la vigilancia epidemiológica, con el fin de aportar evidencias sobre la interrupción de la circulación endémica de los virus del sarampión y la rubéola en el país. Métodos Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de la vigilancia epidemiológica del sarampión y rubéola en Colombia para el período 1995-2009, a través de la consulta de información disponible de notificación en el aplicativo Measles Elimination Surveillance System (MESS), Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia en Salud Pública (SIVIGILA) y el Departamento Nacional de Estadísticas (DANE) para proyecciones poblacionales. La evaluación de la calidad de la vigilancia se hizo mediante los indicadores propuestos para la vigilancia integrada de sarampión y rubéola. Resultados En el período a estudio se notificaron 28 732 casos sospechosos, 66,15 % de sarampión y 33,8 % de rubéola, mayor número de casos notificados en 2002 (22,4 %); total de casos confirmados de sarampión entre 1995-2002 (n=495) y de rubéola (n=946) en todo el período. El promedio acumulado de los indicadores fue investigación oportuna con un comportamiento por debajo de 80,5 %, notificación semanal por encima de 80 %, toma de muestra adecuada en 93,7 %, y para recepción de muestra de 65,2 % para 1995-2006 y de 83,3 % para el periodo 2007-2009. Conclusiones De acuerdo con la información aportada por la vigilancia epidemiológica, el país cumple con 4 de los 7 indicadores propuestos para evaluar su calidad. Se evidencia que la circulación endémica de los virus de sarampión y rubéola en Colombia se encuentra interrumpida.


Objective Describing the behavior of epidemiologic surveillance regarding measles and German measles (rubella) to provide evidence about the interruption of the endemic circulation of tríese viruses in Colombia. Methods This was a retrospective descriptive study of epidemiological surveillance for measles and German measles in Colombia from 1995 to 2009 by reviewing available notification information from the measles elimination surveillance system (MESS), the Colombian Public Health Surveillance System (SIVIGILA) and the Colombian Statistics Department (DANE) for population projections. Surveillance quality was evaluated by using the indicators proposed for integrated measles and German measles surveillance. Results 28,732 suspicious cases were notified during the study period (66.15 % concerned measles and 33.8 % German measles). The greatest number of notified cases occurred in 2002 (22.4 %); this was detected in the 6-11 month and 2-4 year-old groups. Confirmed measles cases amounted to 495 (1995-2002) and German measles to 946 (for the whole period). The cumulative average for indicators was as follows: timely research had a pattern below 80.5 %, weekly notification was above 80 %, suitable sampling was 93.7 % on average and sample reception was 65.2 % for 1995-2006 and 83.3 % for 2007-2009. Conclusions According to the information compiled regarding epidemiological surveillance, Colombia complied with 4 of the 7 proposed indicators for quality evaluation; these showed active surveillance having suitable indicator performance regarding laboratory and notification rate. They demonstrated interrupted endemic circulation of measles and German measles in Colombia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Disease Eradication , Measles/epidemiology , Public Health Surveillance , Rubella/epidemiology , Colombia/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Disease Notification/statistics & numerical data , Measles/prevention & control , Retrospective Studies , Rubella/prevention & control
5.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 36(3): 107-112, jul.-sep. 2004. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-634466

ABSTRACT

Las levaduras implicadas en procesos patológicos son de indiscutible importancia debido al incremento experimentado por estas infecciones en las últimas décadas, a los cambios observados en las especies causales y al uso empírico de antifúngicos. En el Centro de Micología se estudiaron 1006 aislamientos provenientes de una amplia gama de muestras clínicas durante el periodo 1999-2001. Candida albicans con 40,3% resultó la especie de mayor frecuencia de aislamiento, pero las especies de Candida no albicans con 54,9% resultaron de mayor prevalencia y el 4,8% fueron otras levaduras. En los hemocultivos Candida parapsilosis con 34,9%, C. albicans con 30,2% y C. tropicalis con 25,6% resultaron las más recuperadas, mientras que C. glabrata se presentó con un 2,3%. En las secreciones mucosas C.albicans con 60%-80% fue la especie preponderante. Hemos detectado especies de Candida causantes de mediastinitis, lo que nos alerta sobre su importancia en estos procesos. Las infecciones del tracto urinario por levaduras se detectaron en mayor frecuencia en individuos hospitalizados, resultando C. albicans con 47,7% la especie más aislada, y dentro de Candida no albicans, C. glabrata con 24,8% y C. tropicalis con 20,0%. En las onixis candidiásicas C. parapsilosis con 37,7% desplazó a C.albicans con 22,0% de este lugar anatómico. Los estudios de sensiblidad al fluconazol de las especies de Candida nos permiten concluir que C.albicans es una especie sensible y que los mayores porcentajes de resistencia se observaron en C. glabrata (21,41%) y and C. krusei (69,23%).


The importance of epidemiological monitoring of yeasts involved in pathologic processes is unquestionable due to the increase of these infections over the last decade, the changes observed in species causing candidiasis, and empirical antifungal treatment. At the Mycology Center, 1006 isolates from a wide range of clinical samples were studied during 1999-2001. Candida albicans (40.3%) was the most isolated species, although, the Candida no albicans species with 54.9% showed the major prevalence. In blood cultures Candida parapsilosis (34.9%), C. albicans (30.2%) and C. tropicalis (25.6%) were recovered most frequently while C. glabrata represented only 2.3%. C. albicans with 60%-80% was the predominant specie in mucosal surface. We also detected Candida mediastinistis, which alert us over the importance at this location. Urinary tract infections caused by yeasts were more frequent in hospitalized patients, being C. albicans (47.7%), the most commonly isolated, followed by C. glabrata (24.8%) and C. tropicalis (20.0%). In the candidal onychomycoses, C. parapsilosis (37.7%) outplaced C. albicans (22.0%). Fluconazole susceptibility studies of Candida species allowed us to conclude that the majority of C. albicans islolates are susceptible, and that the highest resistance averages were observed in C. glabrata (21.41%) and C. krusei (69.23%).


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Candida albicans/isolation & purification , Candida/isolation & purification , Candidiasis/epidemiology , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Argentina/epidemiology , Body Fluids/microbiology , Catheterization, Peripheral , Candida albicans/drug effects , Candida glabrata/drug effects , Candida glabrata/isolation & purification , Candida tropicalis/drug effects , Candida tropicalis/isolation & purification , Candida/drug effects , Candidiasis, Cutaneous/microbiology , Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal/microbiology , Candidiasis/microbiology , Drug Resistance, Fungal , Fluconazole/pharmacology , Fungemia/microbiology , Mediastinitis/microbiology , Mucous Membrane/microbiology , Organ Specificity , Onychomycosis/microbiology , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Species Specificity , Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology
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